AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A male is represented by a square or the symbol ♂, a female by a circle or the symbol ♀. Mating is shown by a horizontal line (marriage line) connecting a male symbol and a female symbol; offspring symbols are connected in a row (sibship line) beneath the mated pair.

Detailed explanation-2: -The pedigree chart uses standard symbols for representing data. In the pedigree chart, a male and a female are represented with a square and a circle respectively.

Detailed explanation-3: -Circles represent females and squares represent males.

Detailed explanation-4: -the relationships within a family, helps geneticists do so. A circle represents a female. A square represents a male. A horizontal line connecting a male and female represents a marriage.

Detailed explanation-5: -In Western cultures, squares are commonly used to symbolize males, and circles are used to symbolize females.