AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The twenty third pair is called the sex chromosomes, while the rest of the 22 pairs are called autosomes. Typically, biologically male individuals have one X and one Y chromosome (XY) while those who are biologically female have two X chromosomes. However, there are exceptions to this rule.

Detailed explanation-2: -A normal female karyotype is written 46, XX, and a normal male karyotype is written 46, XY.

Detailed explanation-3: -Individuals having two X chromosomes (XX) are female; individuals having one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY) are male. The X chromosome resembles a large autosomal chromosome with a long and a short arm. The Y chromosome has one long arm and a very short second arm.

Detailed explanation-4: -BY MORTEN BUSCH. Sex chromosomes usually determine whether you are female or male. Women are XX. Men are XY.

Detailed explanation-5: -Sperm, however, can either have an X or a Y chromosome. Therefore, if a sperm with an X chromosome fertilises an egg, the resulting zygote will be female (XX). On the other hand, if the sperm which fertilises the egg has a Y chromosome, the zygote will be male (XY).