AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation is the chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically (non-oxygen-requiring pathway). An electron transport system is not involved in fermentation, and no ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is created directly by the fermentation process.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fermentation is the process of producing ATP in the absence of oxygen, through glycolysis alone. Recall that glycolysis breaks a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, producing a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fermentation is a partial breakdown of glucose producing only 2 net ATP’s per glucose by way of substrate-level phosphorylation, involves only glycolysis, and is found in anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria.

Detailed explanation-4: -So, the correct answer is ‘Fermentation in muscles produces alcohol’.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fermentation makes ATP without oxygen, which involves glycolysis only. Fermentation recycles NAD+, and produces 2 ATPs. In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate from glycolysis changes to lactic acid. This type of fermentation is carried out by the bacteria in yogurt, and by your own muscle cells.