AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -ATP and NADPH are used to convert the six molecules of 3-PGA into six molecules of a chemical called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). That is a reduction reaction because it involves the gain of electrons by 3-PGA. Recall that reduction is the gain of an electron by an atom or molecule.

Detailed explanation-2: -How do ATP and NADPH connect light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis? ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the light-independent reactions. What is the source of the carbon dioxide that is used in photosynthesis?

Detailed explanation-3: -The light-independent reactions produce the ATP and NADPH that provide the energy and reducing power to run the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-4: -Photosynthesis takes place in two distinct stages. In the light reactions, energy from sunlight drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH, coupled to the formation of O2 from H2O. In the dark reactions, so named because they do not require sunlight, the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions drive glucose synthesis.