AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration because glucose is the only source of energy and the process of glycolysis is independent of oxygen. Thus, the absence or presence of oxygen does not play a role in this process which is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glycolysis is the major pathway of glucose metabolism and occurs in the cytosol of all cells. It can occur aerobically or anaerobically depending on whether oxygen is available.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aerobic glycolysis is a series of reactions wherein oxygen is required to reoxidize NADH to NAD+, hence the name. This ten-step process begins with a molecule of glucose and ends up with two molecules of pyruvate[1].

Detailed explanation-5: -Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) is one of the hallmarks of cancer metabolism, and it implies an excessive production of protons, which if remaining inside the cell would result in fatal intracellular acidosis.