AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Calvin placed the algae into a contraption he called “the lollipop.” Calvin shone light on the lollipop and used a radioactive form of carbon called carbon-14 to trace the path that carbon took through the algae’s chloroplast, the part of the cell where photosynthesis occurs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus-sources of 14C and autoradiography enabled Calvin to elucidate the pathways of carbon fixation.

Detailed explanation-3: -By taking samples seconds apart, the molecules accompanying carbon can be identified in order to know the steps of the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carboxylation is the first step of Calvin cycle. It is the fixation of CO2 into a stable organic intermediate. In this, CO2 is utilised for the carboxylation of RuBP. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme RuBisCO and it results in the formation of two molecules of 3-PGA (3-Phosphoglyceric acid).

Detailed explanation-5: -Calvin Cycle Intermediates Triose phosphate (TP) is used to produce: Hexose phosphates (6C), which can be used to produce starch, sucrose or cellulose. Lipids for cell membranes. Amino acids for protein synthesis.