AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.

Detailed explanation-2: -Light provides energy for the chlorophyll molecule that releases electrons. These split water into oxygen and hydrogen.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the light-dependent reactions, which take place at the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and then converts it into chemical energy with the use of water. The light-dependent reactions release oxygen as a byproduct as water is broken apart.

Detailed explanation-4: -The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH.

Detailed explanation-5: -The replacement of the electron enables chlorophyll to respond to another photon. The oxygen molecules produced as byproducts exit the leaf through the stomata and find their way to the surrounding environment.