AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin Cycle, takes place in the stroma, the space between the thylakoid membranes and the chloroplast membranes, and does not require light, hence the name light-independent reaction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. Stage I is called the light reactions because it requires sunlight or artificial light. This stage uses water and changes light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH (another energy-carrying molecule). This stage also releases oxygen as a waste product.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Calvin cycle is not totally independent of light since it relies on ATP and NADH, which are products of the light-dependent reactions. The light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.

Detailed explanation-4: -3. The light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) use stored chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions to “fix” CO2 and create a product that can be converted into glucose. The ultimate goal of the light-independent reactions (or Calvin cycle) is to assemble a molecule of glucose.

Detailed explanation-5: -Calvin cycle is also known as the C3 cycle or light-independent or dark reaction of photosynthesis. However, it is most active during the day when NADPH and ATP are abundant. To build organic molecules, the plant cells use raw materials provided by the light reactions: 1.