AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mitochondrial DNA is the circular chromosome found inside the cellular organelles called mitochondria. Located in the cytoplasm, mitochondria are the site of the cell’s energy production and other metabolic functions. Offspring inherit mitochondria-and as a result mitochondrial DNA-from their mother.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. They produce a specific protein mainly for making their own organelle. The DNA replicates independently. It replicates and translates to produce their specific protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mitochondrial DNA is important for a number of reasons. 13 of its 37 genes are involved in the process known as oxidative phosphorylation. This is the metabolic pathway that produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy source of the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Which of the following statements is true about mitochondrial DNA? DNA is found both within the nucleus and the mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother since the ovum is the only source of mitochondria for the gamete.