AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi–> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis: The Foundation of Cellular Respiration This process requires the investment of 2 ATP molecules and yields 4 ATP in addition to the pyruvate and another type of molecule called NADH, which will contribute to the final step of cellular respiration.

Detailed explanation-3: -2 molecules of ATP are utilised in the glycolysis. One molecule of ATP is utilised when glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate and the other is utilised when fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate. So, the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis is 2.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glycolysis produces only two net molecules of ATP per 1 molecule of glucose. However, in cells lacking mitochondria and/or adequate oxygen supply, glycolysis is the sole process by which such cells can produce ATP from glucose.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thus, two ATPs are used in the first three steps of glycolysis. Hence, to split the glucose 2 molecules of ATPs are used.