AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This part of photosynthesis occurs in the granum of a chloroplast where light is absorbed by chlorophyll; a type of photosynthetic pigment that converts the light to chemical energy. This reacts with water (H2O) and splits the oxygen and hydrogen molecules apart.

Detailed explanation-2: -These reactions use photolysis, or the use of light energy to split water molecules and produce oxygen. In these light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments and transferred to the reaction center of photosystem II.

Detailed explanation-3: -The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts.

Detailed explanation-4: -8: In the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center, energy from sunlight is used to extract electrons from water. The electrons travel through the chloroplast electron transport chain to photosystem I (PSI), which reduces NADP+ to NADPH.

Detailed explanation-5: -Water is an important raw material for photosynthesis. During the light reaction, light energy is utilized. By using light energy, water is split to form oxygen, and hydrogen and electron are released. This is known as the photolysis of water.