AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Plants have a waxy cuticle on their leaves to prevent desiccation, or drying out. Carbon dioxide and oxygen cannot pass through the cuticle, but move in and out of leaves through openings called stomata (stoma = “hole"). Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stomata, regulated by guard cells, allow gases to pass in and out of the leaf. We may not be able to see them with the naked eye, but the leaves of plants contain tons of tiny holes, or pores, called stomata (sing. stoma).

Detailed explanation-3: -The structure of the stomata comprises a kidney-shaped epidermal cell along with an opening in the center called a pore. The stomata are bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells which are the guard cells. These are responsible for regulating the size of its opening, thereby saving the plant from water loss.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gas exchange When a plant is carrying out photosynthesis carbon dioxide needs to move from the air into the leaf. It does this by diffusing through small pores called stomata. At the same time oxygen moves out of the leaf through the stomata. This movement of gases in opposite directions is called gas exchange.

Detailed explanation-5: -In regard to Photosynthesis, stomata take in carbon dioxide. The substances that are expelled from these structures are Oxygen and water during Photosynthesis and Carbon dioxide during respiration.