AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma and uses the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide, producing three-carbon sugars-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P, molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, 3-PGA. In stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced using electrons supplied by NADPH. In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: The four inputs that are required to synthesize glucose during the Calvin cycle are carbon dioxide, ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RUBP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Detailed explanation-4: -The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP.

Detailed explanation-5: -The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. The Calvin cycle uses carbon from the carbon dioxide, energy from the ATP, and high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from the NADPH. The cycle’s output is an energy-rich sugar molecule.