AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -“Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if oxygen is not available.”

Detailed explanation-2: -Anaerobic Fermentation: Anaerobic fermentation is a metabolic process done by bacteria and eukaryotes in the absence of air to convert carbohydrates into the products like gases, alcohol, and acids. This fermentation is used to produce various chemicals in industries, i.e., acetic acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -When oxygen is not present or if an organism is not able to undergo aerobic respiration, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. Fermentation does not require oxygen and is therefore anaerobic.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are two types of fermentation, alcoholic and lactic acid. Fermentation follows glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+. Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid (lactate) and NAD+.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fermentation is an anaerobic biochemical process. In fermentation, the first process is the same as cellular respiration, which is the formation of pyruvic acid by glycolysis where net 2 ATP molecules are synthesised. In the next step, pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, ethanol or other products.