AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation starts with glycolysis, but it does not involve the latter two stages of aerobic cellular respiration (the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation). During glycolysis, two NAD+ electron carriers are reduced to two NADH molecules and 2 net ATPs are produced.

Detailed explanation-2: -His letter C we noticed for cellular respiration, lactic acid fermentation is not a stage of it.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fermentation includes the glycolysis step of cellular respiration. However, it doesn’t include the other, aerobic steps.

Detailed explanation-5: -There are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis; the citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycle; and the electron transport chain, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, while glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.