AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -NAD+/H compounds are used in many of the metabolic processes we will discuss in this class. For example, in its oxidized form, NAD+ is used as a reactant in glycolysis and the TCA cycle, whereas in its reduced form (NADH), it is a reactant in fermentation reactions and the electron transport chain (ETC).

Detailed explanation-2: -Both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle require NAD+ to accept electrons during their chemical reactions. In order for the cell to continue to generate any ATP, NADH must be converted back to NAD+ for use as an electron carrier.

Detailed explanation-3: -In glycolysis, NAD+ is an electron acceptor. During oxidation, electrons are removed and accepted by NAD+. For every molecule of glucose, 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH.

Detailed explanation-4: -NAD is one of the main electron carriers in redox reactions, with a unique ability to function as both a donor and an acceptor. To perform its role as an electron carrier, NAD reverts back and forth between two forms, NAD+ and NADH. NAD+ accepts electrons from food molecules, transforming it into NADH.

Detailed explanation-5: -NAD + (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in all cells. It is an electron carrier used to temporarily store energy during cellular respiration. This is found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced.