AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Oxygen is not essential for the process of photosynthesis because oxygen is released in this process when plants utilize the raw materials i.e., carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars (glucose). Hence, it is not essential to carry out the process of photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Photosynthesis is the process of synthesis of food by plants using carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Oxygen (O2) is released during the process as a waste product. Hence, oxygen is not essential for the process of photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plants do not need oxygen for photosynthesis. Instead, oxygen is produced during photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules.

Detailed explanation-5: -Oxygen (O2) is evolved during photosynthetic electron transport when water is split by the oxygen-evolving complex to provide protons and electrons to the chloroplastic electron chain, thereby generating ATP and NADPH-the energy source and reducing power for plant metabolism.