AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the solution with the higher solute concentration is hypertonic, and the solution with the lower solute concentration is hypotonic.

Detailed explanation-3: -Solution is hypotonic to the cell if the solute concentration outside the cell is lower compared to inside the cell. Solution is hypertonic to the cell if the concentration of solutes is higher compared to inside the cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -A hypertonic solution has increased solute, and a net movement of water outside causing the cell to shrink. A hypotonic solution has decreased solute concentration, and a net movement of water inside the cell, causing swelling or breakage.

Detailed explanation-5: -A solution with a lower solute concentration as compared to a solvent is called a hypotonic solution. In contrast, a solution with a high solute concentration as compared to a solvent is called a hypertonic solution.