AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Double-stranded chromosomes separate during the anaphase stage of mitosis. The centromeres holding the two chromatids together split, allowing spindle fibres to pull the individual chromosomes to the opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Meiosis II Anaphase II: The chromatids split at the centromere and migrate along the spindle fibers to opposite poles. Telophase II: The cells pinch in the center and divide again.

Detailed explanation-3: -During anaphase II, microtubules from each spindle attach to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore. The sister chromatids then separate, and the microtubules pull them to opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -During meiosis, cells deliberately form numerous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in order to initiate homologous recombination, which exchanges genetic information between homologous chromosomes and promotes accurate chromosome segregation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Correct. During anaphase each chromosome present in metaphase separates into two chromosomes, each with a single double-stranded DNA molecule. Therefore, during anaphase the chromosome number is temporarily doubled until the cells finish the process of cell division.