AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The chromosomes in a homologous pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles might have functional implications while others will not.

Detailed explanation-2: -The 46 chromosomes of a human cell are organized into 23 pairs, and the two members of each pair are said to be homologues of one another (with the slight exception of the X and Y chromosomes; see below). Human sperm and eggs, which have only one homologous chromosome from each pair, are said to be haploid (1n).

Detailed explanation-3: -Two Versions of Each Gene While each homologous chromosome carries the same genes, they can carry different versions of the gene. Different versions of a gene are called alleles. This means that your cells will typically produce 2 versions of every protein encoded by the DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Homologous chromosomes correspond to the chromosomes present on the same pair in contrast to non-homologous chromosomes where they are found on different pairs. Number of chromosomes in homologous pairs are based on the ploidy of that entity.