AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The chromosomes in a homologous pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles might have functional implications while others will not.

Detailed explanation-2: -The two chromosomes in a homologous pair are very similar to one another and have the same size and shape. Most importantly, they carry the same type of genetic information: that is, they have the same genes in the same locations.

Detailed explanation-3: -Homologous chromosomes are the same size, shape and have the same centromere location. what’s different is homologous chromosomes will have different genetic sequences. Sister chromatids are the structures that are the same size, shape, centromere location and genetic sequences.

Detailed explanation-4: -Homologous structures share a similar embryonic origin; analogous organs have a similar function. For example, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are homologous to the bones in the human arm. These structures are not analogous. The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird are analogous but not homologous.

Detailed explanation-5: -Homologous genes, including paralogs and orthologs, are genes that share sequence homologies within or between different species. Homologous genes originate from a common origin through speciation, genetic duplication or horizontal gene transfer.