AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Anaphase is the fourth phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Metaphase leads to anaphase, during which each chromosome’s sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anaphase begins when the cohesion proteins located between the sister chromatids disappear; the sister chromatids, located at the equator of the metaphase plate, separate and begin their migration toward the opposite poles of the mitotic spindle.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaphase I begins when homologous chromosomes separate. The nuclear envelope reforms and nucleoli reappear. The chromosomes coil up, the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate, and the centrosomes begin moving apart. Spindle fibers form and sister chromatids align to the equator of the cell.