AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The 46 chromosomes of a human cell are organized into 23 pairs, and the two members of each pair are said to be homologues of one another (with the slight exception of the X and Y chromosomes; see below).

Detailed explanation-2: -A karyotype is the entire set of chromosomes of a cell or individual, as seen during mitotic metaphase. It helps to determine the size, shape, number and type of chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females.

Detailed explanation-4: -It is the building block of the human body. Chromosomes also contain proteins that help DNA exist in the proper form. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 chromosomes in total.

Detailed explanation-5: -The number of chromosomes does not correlate with the apparent complexity of an animal or a plant: in humans, for example, the diploid number is 2n = 46 (that is, 23 pairs), compared with 2n = 78, or 39 pairs, in the dog and 2n = 36 (18) in the common earthworm.