AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis and meiosis. During mitosis, the spindle fibers are called the mitotic spindle.

Detailed explanation-2: -Powering chromosome movement (microtubules) The most prominent structure in a mitotic cell is the bipolar spindle (made up of microtubules and associated motor proteins), which provides the force to move chromosomes and thereby bring about their segregation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The segregation of the replicated chromosomes is brought about by a complex cytoskeletal machine with many moving parts-the mitotic spindle. It is constructed from microtubules and their associated proteins, which both pull the daughter chromosomes toward the poles of the spindle and move the poles apart.

Detailed explanation-4: -Its role is to separate the chromosomes. The spindle fibres attach to chromosomes during metaphase and pull the chromatids towards opposite poles during anaphase.

Detailed explanation-5: -The spindle tubules then shorten and move toward the poles of the cell. As they move, they pull the one copy of each chromosome with them to opposite poles of the cell. This process ensures that each daughter cell will contain one exact copy of the parent cell DNA.