AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which are essential in protein synthesis. A ribosome contains a large and small ribosomal subunit.

Detailed explanation-2: -Each of the three types of RNAs performs unique functions and have different structures. mRNA provides a template for gene coding during protein synthesis, tRNA carries the amino acids to the ribosomes, which has to be added to the polypeptide chain and rRNA forms ribosomes along with proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -mRNAs have three parts: Nucleotides at the 5′ end provide binding sites for proteins that initiate polypeptide synthesis; nucleotides in the middle specify the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide; and nucleotides at the 3′ end regulate the stability of the mRNA (Fig. 1.1).

Detailed explanation-4: -The mRNA bases are grouped into sets of three, called codons. Each codon has a complementary set of bases, called an anticodon. Anticodons are a part of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.