AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Metaphase leads to anaphase, during which each chromosome’s sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Enzymatic breakdown of cohesin-which linked the sister chromatids together during prophase-causes this separation to occur.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first and longest phase of mitosis is prophase. During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope (the membrane surrounding the nucleus) breaks down. In animal cells, the centrioles near the nucleus begin to separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -During prophase in animal cells, the centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus. In addition, chromosomes condense and the spindle appears. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -During prophase, the spindle also begins to form as the two pairs of centrioles move to opposite poles and microtubules begin to polymerize from the duplicated centrosomes.

Detailed explanation-5: -In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell. The protein “glue” that holds the sister chromatids together is broken down, allowing them to separate. Each is now its own chromosome. The chromosomes of each pair are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.