AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Anaphase. The sister chromatids separate from one another and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell. The microtubules that are not attached to chromosomes push the two poles of the spindle apart, while the kinetochore microtubules pull the chromosomes towards the poles.

Detailed explanation-2: -Anaphase: During anaphase, the centromere splits, allowing the sister chromatids to separate. The kinetochore spindle fibers shorten, allowing for 46 of the newly-freed chromatids to be dragged to one end of the cell and the remaining 46 chromatids to be dragged to the opposite end of the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -During anaphase, each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes. The chromosomes are separated by a structure called the mitotic spindle.

Detailed explanation-4: -The mitotic spindle plays a critical role during the later phases of mitosis as it orchestrates the movement of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-5: -The separation of the two chromatids of each chromosome and their movement to opposite poles in the anaphase of mitosis is called metakinesis.