AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Metaphase. During metaphase, spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids (see Figure below). The sister chromatids line up at the equator, or center, of the cell. This is also known as the metaphase plate.

Detailed explanation-2: -During the metaphase stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. During the metaphase stage, all the sister chromatids are bound to the spindle fibers. The spindle fibers are directly attached to the centromeres and that is why they are aligned at the equatorial region of the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -During prophase I, homologous chromosomes form tetrads along the center of the cell. Full chromosomes are pulled to each pole during anaphase I, resulting in two haploid cells at the end of meiosis I. During prophase II, sister chromatids align at the center of the cell in singular chromosome structures.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the third step of mitosis, called metaphase, each chromosome lines up in a single file line at the center of the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -The two sister chromatids of each chromosome are captured by microtubules from opposite spindle poles. In metaphase II, the chromosomes line up individually along the metaphase plate. In anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell.