AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Immobilized enzymes can be used in the production of syrups. Immobilized -galactosidase has been used in the decomposition of lactose in whey to produce glucose from waste materials and can also be used to produce lactose-free milk (Wahba and Hassan 2015). Also, it can be used in the production of baker’s yeast.

Detailed explanation-2: -Immobilized enzymes, which are enzymes attached onto solid particles, confer extra rigidity and stability to the three-dimensional structure of the protein and allow an easy separation of the biocatalyst. In this way, they facilitate the reutilization of the catalyst in various reaction cycles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Several hundred enzymes have been immobilized in different forms and more than a dozen immobilized enzymes; for example, penicillin G acylase, invertase, lipases, proteases, etc. have been used as catalysts in various large-scale processes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cell immobilization technology has found numerous practical applications in the areas of environmental bioremediation and pollution control, production of biochemicals and pharmaceuticals, bioprocessing of food and food derivatives, biosensors, and, most importantly, biomedical engineering and medicine.