AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Shorter lengths of DNA move faster than longer lengths so move further in the time the current is run. The distance the DNA has migrated in the gel can be judged visually by monitoring the migration of the loading buffer dye.

Detailed explanation-2: -Shorter DNA segments find more pores that they can wiggle through, longer DNA segments need to do more squeezing and up or down moving. For this reason, shorter DNA segments move through their lane at a faster rate than longer DNA segments.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA samples are placed in a special gel and subjected to an electric field. Because DNA is negatively-charged, it moves toward the positive electrode. The DNA fragments that are shortest will travel farthest, while the longest fragments will remain closest to the origin.

Detailed explanation-4: -In gel electrophoresis, the smallest DNA fragments will travel the farthest.

Detailed explanation-5: -Shorter molecules move faster and migrate farther than longer ones because shorter molecules migrate more easily through the pores of the gel. This phenomenon is called sieving. [2] Proteins are separated by charge in agarose because the pores of the gel are too large to sieve proteins.