AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are also involved in protein synthesis, but their job is to act as carriers – to bring amino acids to the ribosome, ensuring that the amino acid added to the chain is the one specified by the mRNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which “reads” the sequence of mRNA nucleotides. Each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the second step of protein synthesis-translation-tRNA and mRNA interact to code amino acids into growing polypeptide chains.

Detailed explanation-4: -Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which are essential in protein synthesis. A ribosome contains a large and small ribosomal subunit.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ribosomes are composed of two macromolecules: proteins and nucleic acids. Ribosomes are made when a specific type of ribonucleic acid (RNA), called ribosomal RNA (rRNA) combines with proteins. Ribosomes have two subunits, creatively named the large subunit and the small subunit.