AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of reading the mRNA code in the ribosome to make a protein is called translation (Figure below): the mRNA is translated from the language of nucleic acids (nucleotides) to the language of proteins (amino acids).

Detailed explanation-2: -The correct answer: Translation is the process of converting the language of nucleic acids (nucleotides) to the language of proteins (amino acids). The translation is the process in which the protein strand is produced from the mRNA molecule.

Detailed explanation-3: -Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. DNA and RNA molecules are written in a language of four nucleotides; meanwhile, the language of proteins includes 20 amino acids.

Detailed explanation-5: -During translation, ribosomes move along an mRNA strand, and with the help of proteins called initiation factors, elongation factors, and release factors, they assemble the sequence of amino acids indicated by the mRNA, thereby forming a protein.