AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As the RNA polymerase continues down the strand of DNA, more nucleotides are added to the mRNA, thereby forming a progressively longer chain of nucleotides (Figure 2). This process is called elongation. Figure 3: DNA (top) includes thymine (red); in RNA (bottom), thymine is replaced with uracil (yellow).

Detailed explanation-2: -Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand. RNA polymerase reads the unwound DNA strand and builds the mRNA molecule, using complementary base pairs. There is a brief time during this process when the newly formed RNA is bound to the unwound DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -During the elongation stage, the ribosome continues to translate each codon in turn. Each corresponding amino acid is added to the growing chain and linked via a bond called a peptide bond.

Detailed explanation-4: -Definition. Transcription elongation is a regulated process in which an RNA chain complementary to the template strand of DNA is synthesized as RNA polymerase moves along DNA. Transcription elongation is preceded by transcription initiation and is followed by transcription termination.

Detailed explanation-5: -Basically, elongation is the stage when the RNA strand gets longer, thanks to the addition of new nucleotides. During elongation, RNA polymerase “walks” along one strand of DNA, known as the template strand, in the 3’ to 5’ direction.