AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The cell has just transcribed this mRNA strand from its DNA, and it now translates the mRNA’s nucleotide sequence into a chain of amino acids. This chain, called a polypeptide, forms the basic structure of a protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The genetic code can be read using a codon chart. To use this chart you first locate the first nucleotide in the codon, then the second, and then the third. The chart will then reveal which amino acid is coded for by which codon. The genetic code is degenerate, meaning that each amino acid has more than one codon.

Detailed explanation-3: -Polypeptides often need some “edits.” During and after translation, amino acids may be chemically altered or removed. The new polypeptide will also fold into a distinct 3D structure, and may join with other polypeptides to make a multi-part protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -The full set of relationships between codons and amino acids (or stop signals) is called the genetic code. The genetic code is often summarized in a codon chart (or codon table), where codons are translated to amino acids.