AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Translation is the second step of protein synthesis. Once transcription and the following processing are complete, translation is initiated. This is where the newly created mRNA’s genetic code is read and used to produce protein molecules. Once mRNA leaves the nucleus it travels to a ribosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which “reads” the sequence of mRNA nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-3: -Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which are essential in protein synthesis. A ribosome contains a large and small ribosomal subunit.

Detailed explanation-4: -The two major steps of protein synthesis are transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA in the nucleus is copied to mRNA using RNA polymerase. The mRNA is edited and exported to the cytoplasm where translation occurs. Translation happens when ribosomes bind to the mRNA and read the genetic code.

Detailed explanation-5: -Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. In translation, the instructions in mRNA are read, and tRNA brings the correct sequence of amino acids to the ribosome.