AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sigma factors are multi-domain subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) that play critical roles in transcription initiation, including the recognition and opening of promoters as well as the initial steps in RNA synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sigma () factor is the peoptide subunit needed for the initiation of RNA transcription in prokaryotic organisms as seen here. As opposed to eukaryotes, who utilize a variety of proteins to initiate gene transcription, prokaryotic transcription is initiated almost completely by a -factor.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sigma factor and rho factor are two important factors for bacterial transcription. They are proteins. Sigma factor participates in the initiation of transcription in bacteria. Rho factor is responsible for the termination of transcription in bacteria.