AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Signal transduction pathways amplify the incoming signal by a signaling cascade using a network of enzymes that act on one another in specific ways to ultimately generate a precise and appropriate physiological response by the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Signal transduction pathways are used to convey messages of ligands into changes of biological activity of target cells. Aberrant signaling through communication pathways may result in diseases, and signal transduction pathways are increasingly the target for drug development.

Detailed explanation-3: -The initiation of a signaling pathway results in a cellular response to changes in the external environment. This response can take many different forms, including protein synthesis, a change in cell metabolism, cell division and growth, or even cell death.

Detailed explanation-4: -A cellular response is the way that cells respond to signals in their environment. A cellular response is the third step in signal transduction, the pathway of receiving an external stimulus and causing a response.

Detailed explanation-5: -The meaning of signal transduction is a process that cells use to sense changes in the environment and communicate with other cells. Signal transduction is both important for unicellular organisms to sense the environment and for multicellular organisms to communicate between cells.