AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glucose is a ring structure in the shape of a hexagon and fructose is in the shape of a pentagon. In biology, these structures would be classified as isomers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glucose is a little hexagon made up of six carbon atoms and fructose is a pentagon of carbon atoms, and both have oxygen and hydrogens hanging off the hexagon and pentagon. They link with each other via an oxygen and make the sucrose molecule. A crystal is a repeating pattern of sucrose molecules.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ring Structure for Glucose: Due to the tetrahedral geometry of carbons that ultimately make a 6 membered stable ring, the-OH on carbon #5 is converted into the ether linkage to close the ring with carbon #1. This makes a 6 member ring-five carbons and one oxygen.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glucose is six membered ring, while fructose is a five-membered ring. Both rings contain an oxygen atom. Figure 8.2. 1: The cyclic form of sugars is the favored form in aqueous solution.

Detailed explanation-5: -The hemiacetal forms when a hydroxyl group along the carbon chain reaches back and bonds to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. As a result, five-and six-membered rings are very common in sugars. Five-membered rings are called “furanoses” and six-membered rings are called “pyranoses".