AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -The protein synthesis or translation takes place when the sequence of nucleotides present in the mRNA is translated or decoded into specific amino acids. Thus, mRNA is directly involved in the translation process.

Detailed explanation-3: -The DNA strand that serves as a template for mRNA synthesis is called as anticoding strand or antisense strand or noncoding strand.

Detailed explanation-4: -Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-5: -Both DNA Replication and Transcription involve the generation of a new copy of the DNA in a cell. DNA transcription is involved in replicating the DNA into RNA, while DNA replication makes another copy of DNA. Both processes are involved in the production of new nucleic acids-DNA or RNA.