AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The R group for each of the amino acids will differ in structure, electrical charge, and polarity.

Detailed explanation-2: -An R-Group is a side chain attached to the -carbon of all amino acids. It decides the chemical versatility of the amino acid. For example, some R-Groups carry a charge, creating a polar molecule. Some R-groups are hydrophobic or hydrophillic.

Detailed explanation-3: -The R groups have a variety of shapes, sizes, charges, and reactivities. This allows amino acids to be grouped according to the chemical properties of their side chains. For example, some amino acids have polar side chains that are soluble in water; examples include serine, threonine, and asparagine.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amino acids are made up of a central carbon bonded to an amino group (–NH2), a carboxyl group (–COOH), and a hydrogen atom. The central carbon’s fourth bond varies among the different amino acids, as seen in these examples of alanine, valine, lysine, and aspartic acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small organic molecules that consist of an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component called a side chain (see below).