AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There is 450 ml of blood in the lungs (9% of the total blood volume), of which 70 ml is found in capillaries. The lungs can serve as a reservoir of blood, there can be half or twice the amount of blood. If the left heart fails, blood accumulates in the pulmonary circulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Blood capacity of human lung is about 500 ml. Therefore, 500 ml blood is oxygenated for 5 sec. Questions arise how such a large volume of blood passes through such a small mass of the lungs and what causes very rapid blood oxygenation.

Detailed explanation-3: -When blood volume increases, it expands your arteries and veins and leads to increased blood pressure. Hypervolemia usually occurs because your body is not able to regulate fluids properly due to impaired kidney or liver function.

Detailed explanation-4: -The heart has the largest volume of blood, the left ventricle has to pump blood to the rest of the body, therefore heart pumps about 280 liters in one our, 7200 liters in 24 hour.

Detailed explanation-5: -Drugs that block the formation of angiotensin II (i.e., angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors), or block aldosterone receptors (e.g., spironolactone) enhance sodium and water loss, and thereby reduce blood volume.