AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Splitting of H2O molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen in the presence of light and grana is photolysis . The photolysis reaction is carried out by the photosystem II which is present in the membrane of thylakoids. A photosystem is made up of chlorophyll molecules and some other proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Photosystem II obtains replacement electrons from water molecules, resulting in their split into hydrogen ions (H+) and oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms combine to form molecular oxygen (O2), which is released into the atmosphere. The hydrogen ions are released into the lumen.

Detailed explanation-3: -Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars. In a process driven by light energy, glucose molecules (or other sugars) are constructed from water and carbon dioxide, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.

Detailed explanation-4: -Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This reaction takes place in a unit called an electrolyzer.

Detailed explanation-5: -Photosynthesis: A light reaction that sets plants apart This absorption of light energy helps split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, generating free electrons.