AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Absorption of minerals by the epidermal cells of root and root hair causes the water to enter from surrounding soil into roots. It further reaches the root xylem. Thus, due to a continuous uptake of water by root cells, a water pressure is created in the root xylem.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plants absorb water and nutrients through the xylem: a tissue made up of thin tubes located just below the surface of the plant’s stems. The molecules in this tissue attract water molecules from the soil, so that the water is pulled upwards. This process is called capillary action.

Detailed explanation-3: -Root hair absorbs water from soil through osmosis. Water will be absorbed by root hairs by osmosis as the environment in the soil is hypotonic. This kind of absorption takes place passively. The water can easily move from the region of higher concentration to the low concentration without expenditure of energy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Root pressure is a positive upward pressure that develops in the xylem vessels in the root. This occurs due to the absorption of water into the roots by osmosis. When the water pressure in the roots rises because more and more water enters the roots, water is pushed up the xylem vessels.

Detailed explanation-5: -Transpiration is the process that is responsible for the movement of water in plants. When there is an increase in transpiration, there will be greater transpiration pull generated in plants leading to increased water absorption by roots.