AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stomata are minute pores present on the lower side of the leaves that help in the exchange of gases and water vapour. When the stomatal pores open the rate of transpiration increases, and when the pores are closed, the loss of water is reduced.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stomata consist of microscopic pores, each flanked by a pair of guard cells. Guard cells can increase or decrease the size of the pore via changes in their turgor status, hence regulating both CO2 entry into the leaf and transpiration, or the loss of water from the leaf.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transpiration is closely related to stomata. Nearly 97 % of water from plants is lost through stomatal transpiration, so the more stomata, the higher the transpiration rate [3].

Detailed explanation-4: -When stomata are open, however, water vapor is lost to the external environment, increasing the rate of transpiration. Therefore, plants must maintain a balance between gas exchange and water loss. Water stress, high temperatures, and high carbon dioxide concentration causes stomata to close.

Detailed explanation-5: -Temperature plays a major role in the rate of transpiration. As the temperature increases, transpiration will increase due to a higher concentration in sunlight and warm air.