AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When water reaches the leaves, some of it is used as a reactant for photosynthesis, while some of it is lost from the surfaces of the leaves into the atmosphere, in the form of water vapor. The process of loss of water from the surfaces of leaves through evaporation is called transpiration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transpiration is a process that involves loss of water vapour through the stomata of plants.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stomata consist of microscopic pores, each flanked by a pair of guard cells. Guard cells can increase or decrease the size of the pore via changes in their turgor status, hence regulating both CO2 entry into the leaf and transpiration, or the loss of water from the leaf.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transpiration occurs when plants take up liquid water from the soil and release water vapor into the air from their leaves.

Detailed explanation-5: -Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem. The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem. Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata.