AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stomata are mouth-like cellular complexes at the epidermis that regulate gas transfer between plants and atmosphere. In leaves, they typically open during the day to favor CO2 diffusion when light is available for photosynthesis, and close at night to limit transpiration and save water.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stomata is open during the daytime to allow gas exchange. Photosynthesis occurs during the day and thus stomata are open to supply the carbon dioxide required for the process. The stomatal openings remain closed at night as photosynthesis is not conducted without sunlight.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stomata provide for gas exchange and transpiration. Two guard cells that control the opening and shutting of the stomata surround it. For gaseous exchange and to release water vapor during transpiration, stomata open during the day. The change in the guard cell’s turgor pressure causes the stomata to open and close.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stomata remain closed at night because of the following reasons: Plants lose the majority of their water through stomata. Thus, they close their stomata at night to prevent excess loss of water through them.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stomata in xerophytes open in night and remain close during day to prevent loss of water through transpiration.