AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Translocation is the movement of a soluble photosynthetic product or food from the leaves to other plant components. Food molecules reach the sieve tubes, a section of the phloem where they are carried up or down to all regions of the plant, including the roots, for translocation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Boron is involved in phloem translocation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Translocation is the movement of sugar produced in photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant for respiration and the other processes described above. This occurs in phloem cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phloem translocation is generally believed to be driven by pressure and is achieved by utilizing energy. Material like sucrose is transferred into phloem tissue using energy from ATP. This increases the osmotic pressure of the tissue causing water to move into it.

Detailed explanation-5: -Hence, the movement of food through the phloem is bi-directional i.e. both in upward and downward directions. The process of food transportation via the phloem requires ATP. Various elements of the phloem fibers, phloem parenchyma, and companion cells all contribute to the food translocation process.