AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -High light intensity during growth increased the stomatal frequency but there were only small changes in the length of the stomatal pore. High-light leaves had more than twice as many stomata per unit area as low-light leaves.

Detailed explanation-2: -Several environmental factors affect stomata opening, including hormone, light quality and intensity, air humidity, atmospheric CO2 concentration, biotic and abiotic stresses.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stomata open in response to light, including blue and red light (Shimazaki et al., 2007). Red light induces stomatal opening via photosynthesis in the mesophyll and guard cell chloroplasts (Mott et al., 2008; Suetsugu et al., 2014). In contrast, blue light as a signal induces stomatal opening.

Detailed explanation-4: -Light intensity: The transpiration rate is increased due to the increase in light intensity. During daytime in the sunlight, the rate of transpiration is faster. This is because the stomata remains open to allow the inward diffusion of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.