AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -These protons can move through the membrane down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase, which then uses the energy of the proton motive force to make ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP production is called oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chemiosmosis occurs in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis, and in the mitochondria during respiration. Chemiosmosis is the method through which ATP is produced during cellular respiration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chemiosmosis is a process in which the ATP molecules are synthesized using the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Chemiosmosis can occur in both photosynthesis and respiration.

Detailed explanation-4: -The actual production of ATP in cellular respiration takes place through the process of chemiosmosis (see Chapter 4). Chemiosmosis involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membranes of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartment.

Detailed explanation-5: -Both are processes within the cell which make chemical energy available for life. Photosynthesis transforms light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, and cellular respiration releases the energy from glucose to build ATP, which does the work of life.