AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle. In another form of the light reactions, called cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons follow a different, circular path and only ATP (no NADPH) is produced.

Detailed explanation-2: -The light-dependent reaction is a photochemical reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is transformed into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).

Detailed explanation-3: -These reactions occur within specialised membrane discs within the chloroplast called thylakoids and involve three steps: Excitation of photosystems by light energy. Production of ATP via an electron transport chain.

Detailed explanation-4: -The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH.

Detailed explanation-5: -The light-independent reactions produce the ATP and NADPH that provide the energy and reducing power to run the Calvin cycle.